Center for Secure and Intelligent Critical Systems (CSICS) Publications

ORCID

0000-0002-8789-0610 (Shetty)

Document Type

Report

Publication Date

2026

DOI

10.2172/3025717

Pages

15 pp.

Abstract

This project establishes a Cybersecurity Center for Offshore Wind Energy with the objective of designing and operating a cyber-physical testbed for wind energy farms (WEFs) that enables comprehensive cybersecurity research. The testbed incorporates a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system connected to turbine models via industrial-grade programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and remote terminal units (RTUs). It supports side-channel data acquisition, implementation and analysis of various cyberattack scenarios, and development of attack detection, mitigation, and best-practice guidance tailored to wind energy systems. During the project, the team expanded the number and fidelity of mathematical turbine models (MTMs), integrated these models with SCADA infrastructure, and deployed a scaled physical turbine and associated sensors. High-resolution operational and side-channel data streams were collected and used to refine machine-learning (ML)-based attack detection systems and to extend the WindCRAFT framework to multi-turbine threat scenarios. The project demonstrated a realistic, scalable environment for evaluating cyber threats, validated attack detection approaches using enriched datasets, and identified new multi-turbine and inter-turbine communication attack vectors. The resulting testbed, models, and security mechanisms provide a foundation for ongoing R&D and deployment of cyber-resilient offshore wind energy systems.

Rights

© 2026 USDOE Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response (CESER)

As a work of the United States Government, this work is in the public domain in the United States. Foreign copyright may apply.

Original Publication Citation

Shetty, S. (2026). Cybersecurity Center for Offshore Wind Energy (final project report) (Report No. 3025717). USDOE Office of Cybersecurity, Security, and Emergency Response (CESER). https://www.osti.gov/biblio/3028396

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