Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2024

DOI

10.1063/5.0215348

Publication Title

Journal of Applied Physics

Volume

136

Issue

5

Pages

055105 (1-10)

Abstract

Beam exit windows are crucial components of any particle accelerator as they provide an interface between the beamline vacuum and target material at atmospheric media. For high beam power machines, special materials and designs are required to withstand high radiation and mechanical loads, while minimizing energy loss during transition and maximizing window lifetime. This research investigates the impact of electron beam exposure to bulk CrMnV and CrMnTiV high entropy alloys (HEAs) with the primary goal of identifying suitable candidate materials for the design of robust and durable exit window settings. The selection criteria include intrinsic characteristics, power dissipation, and mechanical responses. According to the thermodynamic calculations, both equiatomic CrMnV and the addition of 7% of Ti with equiatomic CrMnV yield solid-solutions phases. The structural and mechanical properties of CrMnV and CrMnTiV samples were tested using field emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microcopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and nanoindentation before and after exposure to a dose of ∼66 kGy from a 10 MeV e-beam accelerator. Despite exhibiting beam transmission characteristics comparable to Cr and V, the indentation hardness of HEAs exceeded that of the Cr and V samples by five to six times. The examination of the CrMnTiV irradiated samples revealed organized deformation patterns depicting new features, which we suspect twinning and twin boundaries due to the addition of Ti to CrMnV. Ti, a hexagonal-close-packed crystal structure, is commonly known for deformation twinning behavior.

Rights

© 2024 Authors.

All article content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License.

Data Availability

Article states: "The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request."

Original Publication Citation

Sultana, N. A., Mohammed, Y. S., Pendleton, S. J., Vennekate, J., Ciovati, G., Li, X., Baumgart, H., & Elmustafa, A. A. (2024). Effects of electron beam irradiation on CrMnV and CrMnTiV high entropy alloys: Nano-mechanical, structural, and thermodynamic perspectives. Journal of Applied Physics, 136(5), 1-10, Article 055105. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0215348

ORCID

0000-0001-7056-2680 (Sultana), 0009-0009-5755-1819 (Mohammed), 0000-0001-9316-7704 (Ciovati), 0000-0002-3559-4537 (Li), 0000-0001-8272-2151 (Baumgart), 0000-0001-5865-6035 (Elmustafa)

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