Date of Award

Summer 8-2026

Document Type

Dissertation

Degree Name

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Department

Physics

Program/Concentration

Physics

Committee Director

Raúl A. Briceño

Committee Member

Alexander Godunov

Committee Member

Yuan Zhang

Committee Member

Anatoly Radyushkin

Committee Member

Yaohang Li

Abstract

Amplitudes of multi-particle processes provide a probe of the dynamics described by relativistic quantum field theories. In the context of quantum chromodynamics, these amplitudes encode the way in which quarks and gluons are bound together by the strong nuclear force to form hadrons and govern their interactions. The non-perturbative nature of the strong interactions complicates the study of hadronic amplitudes from first principles. The most effective way of studying hadronic reactions non-perturbatively is the numerical framework known as lattice quantum chromodynamics. This method relies on theoretical formalisms that establish relations between numerical observables, such as finite-volume energy levels and matrix elements, and dynamical functions that fully determine the scattering amplitude of a given process. These formalisms have enabled first principles studies of scattering processes up to the three-particle energy region, as well as radiative processes involving up to two-particle states. The latter are essential for understanding the structural properties of multi-particle states, such as their electromagnetic form factors. While there is a clear pathway towards larger kinematic regions and more general phenomenologies, the development and implementation of these formalisms become increasingly complex as the number of particles in the reaction grows. This represents a major obstacle to the study of the strong interaction since the majority of hadronic states appear as resonances in reactions involving more than three particles. This work presents two complementary steps towards determining multi-particle observables. First, a proof-of-concept calculation is presented for the extraction of a two-particle form factor using a formalism describing two-particle transitions. Although this is carried out in the two-dimensional O(3) non-linear sigma model on the Euclidean lattice, the methodology is directly applicable to hadronic transitions. Second, this work advances the development of a novel framework for studying multi-particle reactions based on real-time estimators for scattering observables. Emerging technologies, such as quantum computing, enable the non-perturbative study of quantum field theories while preserving their real-time prescription. This circumvents the need for the aforementioned formalisms and enables the study of multi-particle reactions across all kinematic regions within a universal framework.

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DOI

10.25777/138d-q630

ISBN

9798193214540

ORCID

0009-0003-5448-3618

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