Date of Award

Summer 2011

Document Type

Thesis

Degree Name

Master of Science (MS)

Department

Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering

Program/Concentration

Mechanical Engineering

Committee Director

Han P. Bao

Committee Member

Miltiadis Kotinis

Committee Member

Sandeep Kumar

Call Number for Print

Special Collections; LD4331.E56 P38 2011

Abstract

About 3.3% of global air ermss1ons m 2007 were due to international shipping operations. If no policies are enacted, the Green House Gas (GHG) emissions would increase by a factor of 2-3 by 2050.

In order to reduce Global Warming, international institutions such as the International Marine Organization and European Maritime Authorities are implementing policies for reduction of NOx and SOx by 2020. Regulations for these gases are indicated in MARPOL Annex VI.

There are four fundamental ways of reducing emissions:

• Improving energy efficiency by modifying ship design or operation strategy

• Using renewable energy sources for powering ships

• Using fuels with low Sulphur content, or bio-fuels with low emission factors

• Using emission reduction technologies.

Currently, MARPOL Annex VI is focusing on the use of low Sulphur content fuel. But the cost of low Sulphur content fuel is higher than that of the high Sulphur content fuel currently being used, and not all ship operators are prepared to go with the former type of fuel.

The option of improving energy efficiency can be achieved by reducing the speed of travel. It is observed that at low speeds, the emissions of the principal pollutants are lower. But slow speed means longer time at sea, which may lead to a delay in the delivery of cargos. The delay will cause a penalty cost to the ship operator. Also, the hull roughness, which is due to marine species build-up and corrosion, has a great impact on fuel consumption. The hull condition depends upon the number of days the ship is at service and the type of anti-fouling coating that is used on the vessel's hull.

The accomplishment of this thesis is the successful development of an Excel-based tool which determines the emission inventory of a given ship on a given voyage and evaluates the efficiency of operational measures such as speed reduction and hull cleaning. While the tool does not automatically yield the optimum speed and type of coating needed to minimize the operating cost of a voyage, as a calculator it provides all of the cost results that the ship operator needs in order to determine the real optimum speed and necessary type of coating for the hull of the OGV in question.

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DOI

10.25777/ws2q-m583

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