Document Type

Abstract

Publication Date

2018

DOI

10.4085/1304377

Publication Title

Athletic Training Education Journal

Volume

13

Issue

4

Pages

392

Abstract

Context: Patient-centered care (PCC) is the most frequently implemented core competency by students in health care education programs, and is more likely to be included when students and preceptors are jointly treating patients during clinical education. However, past research has examined only self-identification of implementation, not the inclusion of components of the competency during patient encounters (PEs).

Objective: To assess whether athletic training students (ATSs) are integrating concepts of PCC during PEs as a part of their clinical education experiences.

Design: Multisite, panel design.

Setting: Three Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education-accredited professional athletic training programs (2 baccalaureate, 1 postbaccalaureate).

Patients or Other Participants: One thousand three hundred nineteen PEs (539 pediatric patients, 775 adult patients, 5 missing) recorded by 58 ATSs (39 females, 18 males, 1 missing) at 53 clinical sites (28 college/university, 25 secondary school).

Data Collection and Analysis: Athletic training students used E*Value software to track PEs during their clinical experiences in the 2018 spring semester. Variables collected per PE included student role (observed, assisted, performed), setting (college/university, secondary school), and body region of diagnosis (upper extremity, lower extremity, head/face, trunk, general medical, nonspecific). Athletic training students were asked to report if 3 defined components of PCC occurred during each PE. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize characteristics of the PEs. Chi-square tests, pairwise comparisons with Bonferroni corrections, and Mann-Whitney U tests (P < .05) were used to assess group differences. Phi correlations (Φ) were used to estimate the strength of relationships between the inclusion of components of core competencies during PEs.

Results: Athletic training students reported they discussed goals with the patient during 25.5% of encounters (336 of 1319), collected information through patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures during 24.3% of encounters (321 of 1319), but collected clinician-reported outcome (CRO) measures during only 4.2% of encounters (56 of 1319). Athletic training students reported they did not include concepts of PCC during 57.2% of PEs (754 of 1319). Athletic training students' use of PCC occurred more frequently in the collegiate setting (52.3%) than the high school setting (29.1%), P < .01. There were no significant differences by body region regarding the use of PCC (P = .25). Athletic training students used PCC more frequently when they assisted with (50.6%, P = .01) or performed (44.2%) the PE as compared to observing the encounter (34.2%). There were positive, weak correlations between the use of PCC and most other core competency components. Athletic training students who reported the use of PCC during a PE also reported the use of health information technology (Φ = .36, P < .01), interprofessional education (Φ = .30, P < .01), and quality improvement (Φ = .37, P < .01). There was a positive, moderate correlation between the use of PCC and evidence-based practice (Φ = .62, P < .01).

Conclusions: Athletic training students reported incorporating components of PCC for less than half of the PEs occurring during clinical education; the most commonly included components were discussion of patient goals and collection of PROs. Program faculty and preceptors should make a concerted effort to educate ATSs on the importance of CROs, a mechanism vital to identifying impairments, and seek to provide ATSs the opportunity to collect CROs as a component of PCC during clinical education.

Rights

© 2025 National Athletic Trainers' Association. All rights reserved.

Included with the kind written permission of the copyright holders and the author.

Comments

A part of: "Athletic Training Educators Conference, February 15-17, 2019, Grapevine, TX."

Available: https://doi.org/10.4085/1304377

ORCID

0000-0003-3171-9141 (Cavallario), 0000-0002-6754-7938 (Van Lunen)

Original Publication Citation

Cavallario, J. M., Welch Bacon, C. E., Walker, S. E., Bay, R. C., & Van Lunen, B. L. (2018). 8890: Athletic training student application of patient-centered care during clinical education: A report from the athletic training clinical education network. Athletic Training Education Journal, 13(4), 392. https://doi.org/10.4085/1304377

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