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Authors

Omar Schwartz

Document Type

Article

Abstract

[First paragraph]

The working-class in the United States has been, and continues to be, systematically excluded from normative political representation and is allowed little opportunity to contribute to the terms and conditions of its social existence (Henwood, 1987; Moberg, 1992). While few workers today resist such marginalization, this has not been always the case. During the formative period of U.S. labor consciousness (from the end of the Civil War until the First World War), the political alienation of labor was routinely challenged by workers who relied extensively (and illegally) on collective self-help in their pursuit of economic justice. With this method, labor achieved many gains -- including the eight-hour work day and a federally guaranteed minimal wage. These welcomed developments attest to the power of worker militancy and collective action (Zinn, 1990, 181).

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