Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2026

DOI

10.3390/s26196328

Publication Title

Sensors

Volume

26

Issue

19

Pages

6328 (1-36)

Abstract

Electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and P(VDF-TrFE) nanofibers offer a mechanically flexible, high-surface-area platform for wearable bioelectronics, including piezoelectric sensing and self-powered operation. This review establishes a process–structure–property–performance framework for engineering electrospun PVDF- and P(VDF-TrFE)-based wearable systems. Relationships amongst precursor composition, electrospinning parameters, fiber morphology and alignment, crystalline phase formation, dipole orientation, and device-level piezoelectric performance are examined. Electrospinning is compared with other established fabrication methods including solution casting, spin coating, melt processing, phase inversion, and printing in terms of electroactive β-phase fraction, flexibility, scalability, manufacturing complexity, cost, and wearable-device suitability. Device architectures and performance are evaluated across pressure and strain sensing, physiological monitoring, wound-healing interfaces, piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators, and self-powered wearable sensing applications. Additionally, this review considers the distinction between material-level piezoelectric properties and practical system-level performance, alongside challenges in manufacturing reproducibility, realistic mechanical loading, system integration, and long-term operation. Finally, manufacturing and translational considerations are evaluated, and a conceptual engineering roadmap links material selection and processing with microstructure, device architecture, electronics integration, and translation toward robust, scalable wearable bioelectronic systems.

Comments

© 2026 by the authors.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License.

Data Availability Statement: Article states: "Dataset available on request from the authors."

Original Publication Citation

Banerjee, R., & Slaughter, G. (2026). Engineering electrospun PVDF nanofibers for next-generation wearable bioelectronics. Sensors, 26(19), Article 6328. https://doi.org/10.3390/s26196328

ORCID

0000-0002-4307-091X (Slaughter)

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