Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2026

DOI

10.3390/chemosensors14020048

Publication Title

Chemosensors

Volume

14

Issue

2

Pages

48

Abstract

Diabetes continues to impose significant global health and economic burdens, driving the demand for robust, enzyme-free glucose sensors capable of reliable operation under physiological conditions. Here, we report the development of a high-performance nonenzymatic glucose sensor based on laser-induced graphene (LIG) modified with zinc oxide (ZnO) and platinum (Pt) nanostructures. ZnO was electrodeposited onto LIG with modulation potential and deposition duration systematically optimized. The ZnO/LIG electrodes were characterized electrochemically using potassium ferricyanide and evaluated for glucose oxidation in phosphate-buffered solution. Subsequent electrodeposition of Pt under analogous optimized conditions yielded a ternary Pt/ZnO/LIG architecture with enhanced electrocatalytic activity. Sensor performance was assessed by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry, with hydrodynamic conditions optimized for maximal response. The Pt/ZnO/LIG sensor demonstrated a high sensitivity of 37.125 μmM-¹ cm-², a wide linear dynamic range (0.5-10 mM; 12-28 mM), and a low detection limit of 77.78 μM. The electrode exhibited excellent reproducibility, long-term stability over 7 weeks, and strong selectivity against common interfering species. Robust performance was also confirmed through real sample testing, highlighting its applicability in physiologically relevant matrices. These findings highlight the Pt/ZnO/LIG platform as a promising candidate for next-generation enzyme-free glucose monitoring systems for clinical and point-of-care diabetes management.

Comments

© 2026 by the authors.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License

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Data Availability Statement: Article States: "The original contributions presented in this study are included in the article/Supplementary Material. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author."

Original Publication Citation

Aviha, R., & Slaughter, G. (2026). Pt/ZnO-decorated laser-induced graphene for nonenzymatic glucose monitoring under physiological conditions. Chemosensors, 14(2), Article 48. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors14020048

ORCID

0000-0002-4307-091X (Slaughter)

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