Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2026

DOI

10.3390/vision10030040

Publication Title

Vision

Volume

10

Issue

3

Pages

40

Abstract

Physical activity levels, hallucination experiences, sleep quality, and perceived stress were assessed using a survey administered to 57 adults with a confirmed diagnosis of Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS). Physical activity demonstrated a significant negative correlation with hallucination severity (r = –0.335, p = 0.011, two-tailed). A significant negative correlation was also observed between physical activity and perceived stress (r = –0.497, p < 0.001, two-tailed). In contrast, no significant association was identified between hallucination frequency and sleep disruption or insomnia. These findings suggest that engaging in appropriate levels of physical activity may help reduce the severity of hallucinations and mitigate stress among individuals with CBS. The observation that higher levels of physical activity are associated with reduced hallucination burden may help the development of evidence-based management strategies for CBS. Additionally, the finding that physical activity was significantly related to hallucination severity, whereas sleep disruption was not, merits deeper exploration in future research.

Rights

© 2026 by the authors.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License.

Data Availability

Article states: "The data presented in this study are openly available in Figshare (10.6084/m9.figshare.32529780)."

Original Publication Citation

Hollis, J., Narayan, R., Beukes, E. W., Lindsay, R., Bharwani, A., Mughal, U., Yaqoob, I., Haegele, J. A., Muirden, S., & Allen, P. M. (2026). The relationship between physical activity, sleep, and hallucinations in adults with charles bonnet syndrome. Vision, 10(3), Article 40. https://doi.org/10.3390/vision10030040

ORCID

0000-0002-8580-4782 (Haegele)

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