Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2015

Publication Title

Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics

Volume

570

Pages

1-7

DOI

10.1016/j.abb.2015.02.013

Abstract

Lanthanide ions are the only known blockers of permeabilization by electric pulses of nanosecond duration (nsEP), but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We employed timed applications of Gd3+ before or after nsEP (600-ns, 20 kV/cm) to investigate the mechanism of inhibition, and measured the uptake of the membrane-impermeable YO-PRO-1 (YP) and propidium (Pr) dyes. Gd3+ inhibited dye uptake in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibition of Pr uptake was always about 2-fold stronger. Gd3+ was effective when added after nsEP, as well as when it was present during nsEP exposure and removed afterward. Pores formed by nsEP in the presence of Gd3+ remained quiescent unless Gd3+ was promptly washed away. Such pores resealed (or shrunk) shortly after the wash despite the absence of Gd3+. Finally, a brief (3 s) Gd3+ perfusion was equally potent at inhibiting dye uptake when performed either immediately before or after nsEP, or early before nsEP. The persistent protective effect of Gd3+ even in its absence proves that inhibition by Gd3+ does not result from simple pore obstruction. Instead, Gd3+ causes lasting modification of the membrane, occurring promptly and irrespective of pore presence; it makes the membrane less prone to permeabilization and/or reduces the stability of electropores.

Comments

NOTE: This is the author's pre-print version of a work that was published in Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. The final version was published as:

Gianulis, E. C., & Pakhomov, A. G. (2015). Gadolinium modifies the cell membrane to inhibit permeabilization by nanosecond electric pulses. Arch Biochem Biophys, 570, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2015.02.013

Available at: http://dx.doi.org10.1016/j.abb.2015.02.013

Original Publication Citation

Gianulis, E. C., & Pakhomov, A. G. (2015). Gadolinium modifies the cell membrane to inhibit permeabilization by nanosecond electric pulses. Arch Biochem Biophys, 570, 1-7. doi:10.1016/j.abb.2015.02.013

ORCID

Gianulis (0000-0001-5490-1822)

Share

COinS