Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2025

DOI

10.3390/bios15060384

Publication Title

Biosensors

Volume

15

Issue

6

Pages

384 (1-15)

Abstract

We are reporting the development of a high-performance, non-enzymatic electrochemical biosensor for selective lactate detection, integrating laser-induced graphene (LIG), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) synthesized from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). The LIG electrode offers a highly porous, conductive scaffold, while electrodeposited AuNPs enhance catalytic activity and signal amplification. The PEDOT-based MIP layer, electropolymerized via cyclic voltammetry, imparts molecular specificity by creating lactate-specific binding sites. Cyclic voltammetry confirmed successful molecular imprinting and enhanced interfacial electron transfer. The resulting LIG/AuNPs/MIP biosensor demonstrated a wide linear detection range from 0.1 µM to 2500 µM, with a sensitivity of 22.42 µA/log(µM) and a low limit of detection (0.035 µM). The sensor showed excellent selectivity against common electroactive interferents such as glucose and uric acid, long-term stability, and accurate recovery in artificial saliva (>95.7%), indicating strong potential for practical application. This enzyme-free platform offers a robust and scalable strategy for continuous lactate monitoring, particularly suited for wearable devices in sports performance monitoring and critical care diagnostics.

Comments

© 2025 by the authors.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License.

Data availability statement: Article states: "Data is contained within the article."

Original Publication Citation

Animashaun, C., Ait Lahcen, A., & Slaughter, G. (2025). Gold nanoparticle-enhanced molecularly imprinted polymer electrode for non-enzymatic lactate sensing. Biosensors, 15(6), 1-15, Article 384. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15060384

ORCID

0000-0002-7091-3388 (Ait Lahcen), 0000-0002-4307-091X (Slaughter)

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