Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2025

DOI

10.3389/frlct.2025.1549365

Publication Title

Frontiers in Lab on a Chip Technologies

Volume

4

Pages

1549365

Abstract

This study presents a novel point-of-care electrochemical sensor for dopamine (DA) detection, featuring a flexible laser-induced graphene (LIG) modified with a unique nanocomposite comprising Nb4C3Tx MXene, polypyrrole (PPy), and iron nanoparticles (FeNPs). The LIG-Nb4C3Tx MXene-PPy-FeNPs is characterized by scanning electron microscopy to confirm the successful surface modification. The electrochemical performance of the fabricated sensor via cyclic voltammetry showed significant electrochemical activity upon Nb4C3Tx MXene-PPy-FeNPs nanocomposite modification of the LIG surface with an increased peak anodic current (Ipa) from 43 μA to 104 μA. The sensor demonstrated high electrocatalytic activity and a wide linear detection range of 1 nM to 1 mM DA with excellent sensitivity of 0.283 μA/nM cm−2, and an ultralow detection limit of 70 pM. The LIG-Nb4C3Tx MXene-PPy-FeNPs sensor exhibited good recovery in biological samples and a remarkable selectivity for DA, effectively distinguishing it from common interfering compounds such as uric acid, ascorbic acid, glucose, sodium chloride, and their mixtures. This flexible LIG-Nb4C3Tx MXene-PPy-FeNPs sensor platform provides a reliable and accurate approach for detecting DA, even in complex biological matrices at point-of-care applications highlighting its potential for advanced biosensing applications.

Comments

© 2025 Shinde and Slaughter.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forms is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

Data availability statement: Article states: "The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation."

Original Publication Citation

Shinde, M., & Slaughter, G. (2025). Advanced nanocomposite-based electrochemical sensor for ultra-sensitive dopamine detection in physiological fluids. Frontiers in Lab on a Chip Technologies, 4, Article 1549365. https://doi.org/10.3389/frlct.2025.1549365

ORCID

0009-0008-9154-9950 (Shinde), 0000-0002-4307-091X (Slaughter)

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