Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2024

DOI

10.3390/bios14090444

Publication Title

Biosensors

Volume

14

Issue

9

Pages

444 (1-20)

Abstract

The development of a rapid, sensitive, specific method for detecting foodborne pathogens is paramount for supplying safe food to enhance public health safety. Despite the significant improvement in pathogen detection methods, key issues are still associated with rapid methods, such as distinguishing living cells from dead, the pathogenic potential or health risk of the analyte at the time of consumption, the detection limit, and the sample-to-result. Mammalian cell-based assays analyze pathogens’ interaction with host cells and are responsive only to live pathogens or active toxins. In this study, a human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cell line expressing Toll-Like Receptor 5 (TLR-5) and chromogenic reporter system (HEK dual hTLR5) was used for the detection of viable Salmonella in a 96-well tissue culture plate. This cell line responds to low concentrations of TLR5 agonist flagellin. Stimulation of TLR5 ligand activates nuclear factor-kB (NF-κB)—linked alkaline phosphatase (AP-1) signaling cascade inducing the production of secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP). With the addition of a ρ-nitrophenyl phosphate as a substrate, a colored end product representing a positive signal is quantified. The assay’s specificity was validated with the top 20 Salmonella enterica serovars and 19 non-Salmonella spp. The performance of the assay was also validated with spiked food samples. The total detection time (sample-to-result), including shortened pre-enrichment (4 h) and selective enrichment (4 h) steps with artificially inoculated outbreak-implicated food samples (chicken, peanut kernel, peanut butter, black pepper, mayonnaise, and peach), was 15 h when inoculated at 1–100 CFU/25 g sample. These results show the potential of HEK-DualTM hTLR5 cell-based functional biosensors for the rapid screening of Salmonella.

Rights

© 2024 The Authors.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license.

Data Availability

Article states: "All data are presented in the manuscript and Supplementary Files."

Original Publication Citation

Eser, E., Felton, V. A., Drolia, R., & Bhunia, A. K. (2024). Salmonella detection in food using a HEK-hTLR5 reporter cell-based sensor. Biosensors, 14(9), 1-20, Article 444. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14090444

ORCID

0009-0004-8342-4139 (Felton), 0000-0002-8405-2961 (Drolia)

Additional Files
SupplementaryFilesDrolia2024.pdf (462 kB)
Figure S1: analysis of bacterial motility on agar plates, Table S1: Performance of anti-salmonella dynabeads
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