Document Type
Article
Publication Date
2016
DOI
10.1098/rspb.2016.1646
Publication Title
Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences
Volume
283
Issue
1844
Pages
20161646 (1-10)
Abstract
The determinants of the structure, functioning and resilience of pelagic ecosystems across most of the polar regions are not well known. Improved understanding is essential for assessing the value of biodiversity and predicting the effects of change (including in biodiversity) on these ecosystems and the services they maintain. Here we focus on the trophic interactions that underpin ecosystem structure, developing comparative analyses of how polar pelagic food webs vary in relation to the environment. We highlight that there is not a singular, generic Arctic or Antarctic pelagic food web, and, although there are characteristic pathways of energy flow dominated by a small number of species, alternative routes are important for maintaining energy transfer and resilience. These more complex routes cannot, however, provide the same rate of energy flow to highest trophic-level species. Food-web structure may be similar in different regions, but the individual species that dominate mid-trophic levels vary across polar regions. The characteristics (traits) of these species are also different and these differences influence a range of food-web processes. Low functional redundancy at key trophic levels makes these ecosystems particularly sensitive to change. To develop models for projecting responses of polar ecosystems to future environmental change, we propose a conceptual framework that links the life histories of pelagic species and the structure of polar food webs.
Rights
© 2016 The Authors.
Published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited.
Original Publication Citation
Murphy, E. J., Cavanagh, R. D., Drinkwater, K. F., Grant, S. M., Heymans, J. J., Hofmann, E. E., . . . Johnston, N. M. (2016). Understanding the structure and functioning of polar pelagic ecosystems to predict the impacts of change. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 283(1844), 20161646. doi:10.1098/rspb.2016.1646
Repository Citation
Murphy, E. E.; Cavanagh, R. D.; Drinkwater, K. F.; Grant, S. M.; Heymans, J. J.; Hofmann, E. E.; Hunt, G. L. Jr.; and Johnston, N. M., "Understanding the Structure and Functioning of Polar Pelagic Ecosystems to Predict the Impacts of Change" (2016). CCPO Publications. 230.
https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/ccpo_pubs/230