Data-Aware Layer Assignment for Secure and Efficient Communication in Federated Learning for Medical Image Analysis

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2025

DOI

10.1609/aaaiss.v7i1.36926

Publication Title

Proceedings of the AAAI Symposium Series

Volume

7

Issue

1

Pages

516-523

Conference Name

2025 AAAI Fall Symposium Series, November 6-8, 2025, Arlington, Virginia

Abstract

Cross-silo medical imaging federations must contend with strict privacy, limited bandwidth, and non identically distributed (non-IID) data that destabilize training. Current federated learning (FL) architectures either carry the full model (e.g., FedAvg/FedProx) or use naive client/layer pruning and random sampling while ignoring both non-IID heterogeneity and per-layer utility. Based on these limitations, the paper presents a dataaware, layer-wise protocol that aligns communication with expected loss descent while bounding per-round client leverage. Each round, the server estimates per-layer influence from a tiny root set, and clients expose lightweight metadata to form data-quality scores. A capacity-constrained entropic transport matches high-influence layers to high-quality clients under redundancy and temporal coverage. Clients train all layers but upload exactly one with train-all, send-one principle. The server then performs per-layer robust aggregation on masked updates via secure aggregation. On the three cross-silo imaging benchmarks of Pneumonia CXR, Brain-Tumor MRI, and ISIC Skin Cancer, it demonstrates a strong threshold free detection quality (AUROC/ AUPRC: 0.925/0.935, 0.996/0.988, 0.834/0.852, respectively) while also reducing the per round up-link by ≈ 1/n with respect to FedAvg (e.g., ≈ 10× with 10 clients) by only receiving one layer per client. Indicating its viability for deployment-grade secure aggregation for hospital networks.

Rights

© 2023, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence. All rights reserved.

"In the Returned Rights section of the AAAI copyright form, authors are specifically granted back the right to use their own papers for noncommercial uses, such as inclusion in their dissertations or the right to deposit their own papers in their institutional repositories, provided there is proper attribution. The published version is not available for posting outside the AAAI Digital Library."

Original Publication Citation

Gonthina, S. S., Roy, S., Bhattacharya, P., Rana, P., & Shetty, S. (2025). Data-aware layer assignment for secure and efficient communication in federated learning for medical image analysis. Proceedings of the AAAI Symposium Series, 7(1), 516-523. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaaiss.v7i1.36926

ORCID

0000-0001-9199-2479 (Rana), 0000-0002-8789-0610 (Shetty)

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