Document Type
Article
Publication Date
2024
DOI
10.1007/s00421-024-05521-3
Publication Title
European Journal of Applied Physiology
Volume
124
Issue
10
Pages
3125-3133
Abstract
Purpose
Chewing duration can affect food particle size, gastric processing, and postprandial glycemia, but these effects have not been investigated with exercise. This study examined how the chewing duration of a food bar impacts glycemic and metabolic responses, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, psychological affect, and performance during endurance running.
Methods
This randomized, unblinded, crossover study had 15 males (35.2 ± 7.4 years, VO2peak: 56.1 ± 5.2 ml/kg/min) attend three laboratory visits. Visit 1 required a VO2peak test, 10 min familiarization run at 60% VO2peak, and familiarization time-to-exhaustion (TTE) test (10 min at 90% VO2peak, followed by TTE at 100% VO2peak). Visits 2 and 3 consisted of a 60 min run at 60% VO2peak, followed by TTE testing. Participants were fed 45 g of a bar (180 kcal, 4 g fat, 33 g carbohydrate, 3 g protein, 1 g fiber) in 9 g servings 30 min before running, and 27 g of bar in 9 g servings at three timepoints during the 60 min run. Participants consumed the servings in 20 (20CHEW) or 40 (40CHEW) masticatory cycles, at 1 chew/second. Outcomes included blood glucose, substrate use, GI symptoms, perceived exertion (RPE), overall feeling, and TTE.
Results
Post-prandial blood glucose, GI symptoms, and RPE increased over time, but there were no significant between-condition or condition-by-time effects. TTE showed no significant between-condition effect (20CHEW: 288 ± 133 s; 40CHEW: 335 ± 299 s; p = 0.240). Overall feeling demonstrated a time-by-condition effect (p = 0.006), suggesting possible better maintenance over time with 40CHEW.
Conclusion
Cumulatively, the results suggest that extended chewing minimally impacts physiology, perceptions, and performance during 60 min moderate-intensity running.
Rights
© 2024 The Authors.
This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original authors and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
Data Availability
Article states: "The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request."
Original Publication Citation
Geaney, T. R., Sievert, Z. A., Branch, J. D., & Wilson, P. B. (2024). Effects of food bar chewing duration on the physiologic, metabolic, and perceptual responses to moderate-intensity running. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 124(10, 3125-3133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-024-05521-3
Repository Citation
Geaney, T. R., Sievert, Z. A., Branch, J. D., & Wilson, P. B. (2024). Effects of food bar chewing duration on the physiologic, metabolic, and perceptual responses to moderate-intensity running. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 124(10, 3125-3133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-024-05521-3
Included in
Biochemical Phenomena, Metabolism, and Nutrition Commons, Digestive System Commons, Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism Commons, Exercise Science Commons