Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2025

DOI

10.1111/eufm.70040

Publication Title

European Financial Management

Volume

Advance online publication

Pages

24 pp.

Abstract

We examine the role of major customers in shaping firms' environmental, social and governance (ESG) practices. We find that firms with major customer relationships undertake fewer ESG activities compared to those without such ties. The association is attenuated when institutional ownership is high, firms are less diversified, customers exhibit greater bankruptcy risk and lower switching costs and during periods of elevated equity market sentiment. Taken together, our findings highlight that reliance on a concentrated customer base can weaken firms’ incentives to engage in ESG practices, with important implications for supply chain sustainability.

Rights

© 2025 The Authors.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Comments

Data availability statement: Article states: "The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request."

Original Publication Citation

Dong, F., Doukas, J. A., Walton, S., Zhang, R. G., & Zhang, Y. (2025). Do major customers affect firms' environmental, social and governance activities? European Financial Management. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1111/eufm.70040

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