University
Old Dominion University
Country
United States of America
Document Type
Conference Paper
Description/Abstract
This paper introduces the P.E.N.C.I.L. Theory—Peace Engagement and Non-negotiable Commitment through an In-depth Lens—as a metaphorical and analytical framework for understanding the United Nations Security Council’s role in conflict resolution. Using the symbolic structure of a pencil, the theory critiques the Council’s decision-making power ("the lead") and its human consequences ("the eraser"), highlighting how failures in peacekeeping and diplomacy disproportionately affect civilian populations. Drawing on constructivist theory, the paper argues that norms and social narratives, especially those shaped by cinema, are critical in holding international institutions accountable. Through close analysis of films such as Hotel Rwanda, Sometimes in April, and The Act of Killing, the paper demonstrates how filmmakers expose institutional inaction, challenge hegemonic narratives, and galvanize public opinion toward reform. Ultimately, this work calls for the recognition of cinema as a vital tool for global justice advocacy and a conduit for reshaping international norms around peace and protection.
Keywords
United Nations, Conflict resolution, Constructivism, Cinematic activism, Global governance
Disciplines
Defense and Security Studies | Film and Media Studies | International Relations | Peace and Conflict Studies
DOI
10.25776/9nzy-cc56
Session Title
Global Security, Truth Subversion, & Geopolitical Challenges
Location
Chesapeake Room, ODU Webb Center
Start Date
3-21-2025 10:50 AM
End Date
3-21-2025 12:00 PM
Upload File
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Included in
Defense and Security Studies Commons, Film and Media Studies Commons, International Relations Commons, Peace and Conflict Studies Commons
Peace Engagement and Non-negotiable Commitment through an In-depth Lens (P.E.N.C.I.L) Theory: A Film Perspective on UN’s Conflict Resolution
Chesapeake Room, ODU Webb Center
This paper introduces the P.E.N.C.I.L. Theory—Peace Engagement and Non-negotiable Commitment through an In-depth Lens—as a metaphorical and analytical framework for understanding the United Nations Security Council’s role in conflict resolution. Using the symbolic structure of a pencil, the theory critiques the Council’s decision-making power ("the lead") and its human consequences ("the eraser"), highlighting how failures in peacekeeping and diplomacy disproportionately affect civilian populations. Drawing on constructivist theory, the paper argues that norms and social narratives, especially those shaped by cinema, are critical in holding international institutions accountable. Through close analysis of films such as Hotel Rwanda, Sometimes in April, and The Act of Killing, the paper demonstrates how filmmakers expose institutional inaction, challenge hegemonic narratives, and galvanize public opinion toward reform. Ultimately, this work calls for the recognition of cinema as a vital tool for global justice advocacy and a conduit for reshaping international norms around peace and protection.