ORCID

0009-0003-1891-1793 (Hong)

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2025

DOI

10.3390/geosciences15090355

Publication Title

Geosciences

Volume

15

Issue

9

Pages

355

Abstract

Seismic hazards in Thailand are frequently overlooked in disaster management planning, leading to insufficient research and significant economic losses during earthquake events. The 2014 Chiang Rai earthquake exposed critical vulnerabilities in Thailand's building practices due to widespread non-compliance with building codes and limited preparedness. This exposure prompted the development of empirical vulnerability functions using loss data from 15,031 damaged residences. The study analyzed government compensation records, which were standardized using replacement cost metrics. Three distinct models were developed through probabilistic and possibilistic modeling approaches. Residual analysis demonstrated the superior performance of the possibilistic approach, with the Possibilistic-based Vulnerability Function achieving a 49.84% reduction in residuals for small loss predictions compared to probability-based models. The research findings indicate that possibility theory-capable of addressing multiple uncertainties-provided a more accurate representation of the observed losses. These results offer valuable guidance for enhancing seismic risk assessment and disaster preparedness strategies in local applications.

Rights

© 2025 by the authors.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License.

Original Publication Citation

Hong, P., & Matsuoka, M. (2025). Empirical vulnerability function development based on the damage caused by the 2014 Chiang Rai earthquake, Thailand. Geosciences, 15(9), Article 355. . https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences15090355

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