ORCID
0000-0002-2752-4061 (Horgan), 0000-0001-7925-5302 (Saade)
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
2025
DOI
10.1002/pmf2.70124
Publication Title
Pregnancy
Volume
1
Issue
6
Pages
e70124
Abstract
Background: In 2017, the American Heart Association (AHA) and American College of Cardiology updated their hypertension guidelines for the nonpregnant population, lowering the diagnostic thresholds to systolic blood pressure ≥130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mmHg. This reclassification has raised important questions regarding whether blood pressure (BP) values previously considered within the normal range in pregnancy may, in fact, confer an increased risk for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDPs).
Objective: To evaluate the association between first-trimester BP classified by AHA thresholds and the subsequent development of HDPs.
Study design: This was a secondary analysis of a prospective, multicenter cohort study enrolling singleton pregnancies at ≤13 6/7 weeks' gestation. Participants with preexisting hypertension were excluded. First-trimester BP was categorized using AHA guidelines: normal (< 120/80 mmHg), elevated (120-129/< 80 mmHg), Stage 1 hypertension (130-139/80-89 mmHg), and Stage 2 hypertension (≥140/90 mmHg). The primary outcome was preeclampsia; secondary outcomes included gestational hypertension and HDPs. Associations were evaluated using multivariable Cox regression adjusted for maternal age, body mass index, parity, race, smoking status, and preeclampsia risk factors. Predictive performance was assessed using concordance indices.
Results: Among 576 participants, 13.0% developed HDP, including 7.6% with preeclampsia. Incidence of preeclampsia increased stepwise with AHA BP category: 4.8% (normal), 11.2% (elevated), 14.6% (Stage 1), and 16.7% (Stage 2) (p < 0.001). Compared to normal BP, adjusted hazard ratios for preeclampsia were 2.24 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03?4.86) for elevated BP, 2.80 (95% CI, 1.38-5.67) for Stage 1, and 2.48 (95% CI, 0.32?19.01) for Stage 2. AHA-based models outperformed American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) thresholds (≥140/90 mmHg) in predicting HDP (C-index, 0.71 vs. 0.65; p < 0.05).
Conclusion: First-trimester BP classification using AHA guidelines offers a more nuanced approach to stratifying HDP risk in pregnancy, enabling earlier identification of at-risk individuals beyond the current ACOG definition of chronic hypertension in pregnancy, and supporting more personalized counseling and preventive strategies.
Rights
© 2025 The Authors.
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Data Availability
Article states: "The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request."
Original Publication Citation
Horgan, R., Kalafat, E., Sinkovskaya, E., Abuhamad, A., & Saade, G. (2025). American Heart Association blood pressure classification and subsequent risk of preeclampsia. Pregnancy, 1(6), e70124. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmf2.70124
Repository Citation
Horgan, R., Kalafat, E., Sinkovskaya, E., Abuhamad, A., & Saade, G. (2025). American Heart Association blood pressure classification and subsequent risk of preeclampsia. Pregnancy, 1(6), e70124. https://doi.org/10.1002/pmf2.70124
Included in
Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins Commons, Diagnosis Commons, Obstetrics and Gynecology Commons
Comments
Data availability statement: Article states: "The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request."