Modern Dirty Sea Ice Characteristics and Sources: The Role of Anchor Ice

Authors

Dennis A. Darby, Old Dominion UniversityFollow
Wesley B. Myers, Old Dominion University
Martin Jakobsson
Ignatius Rigor

ORCID

0000-0002-3112-9072 (Darby)

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2011

DOI

10.1029/2010jc006675

Publication Title

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volume

116

Pages

C09008 (18 pages)

Abstract

Extensive dirty ice patches with up to 7 kg m^-2 sediment concentrations in layers of up to 10 cm thickness were encountered in 2005 and 2007 in numerous areas across the central Arctic. The Fe grain fingerprint determination of sources for these sampled dirty ice floes indicated both Russian and Canadian sources, with the latter dominating. The presence of benthic shells and sea weeds along with thick layers (2-10 cm) of sediment covering 5-10 m² indicates an anchor ice entrainment origin as opposed to suspension freezing for some of these floes. The anchor ice origin might explain the dominance of Canadian sources where only narrow flaw leads occur that would not favor suspension freezing as an entrainment process. Expandable clays, commonly used as an indicator of a Kara Sea origin for dirty sea ice, are present in moderately high percentages (>20%) in many circum-Arctic source areas, including the Arctic coasts of North America. Some differences between the Russian and the North American coastal areas are found in clay mineral abundance, primarily the much higher abundance of chlorite in North America and the northern Barents Sea as opposed to the rest of the Russian Arctic. However, sea ice clay mineralogy matched many source areas, making it difficult to use as a provenance tool by itself. The bulk mineralogy (clay and non-clay) does not match specific sources possibly due to reworking of the sediment in dirty floes through summer melting or the failure to characterize all possible source areas.

Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.

Original Publication Citation

Darby, D. A., Myers, W. B., Jakobsson, M., & Rigor, I. (2011). Modern dirty sea ice characteristics and sources: The role of anchor ice. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 116, C09008. doi:10.1029/2010jc006675

Repository Citation

Darby, Dennis A.; Myers, Wesley B.; Jakobsson, Martin; and Rigor, Ignatius, "Modern Dirty Sea Ice Characteristics and Sources: The Role of Anchor Ice" (2011). OES Faculty Publications. 282.
https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/oeas_fac_pubs/282