Document Type
Article
Publication Date
11-2020
DOI
10.3389/fmars.2020.608032
Publication Title
Frontiers in Marine Science
Volume
7
Pages
1-25 pp.
Abstract
The growth of phytoplankton at high latitudes was generally thought to begin in open waters of the marginal ice zone once the highly reflective sea ice retreats in spring, solar elevation increases, and surface waters become stratified by the addition of sea-ice melt water. In fact, virtually all recent large-scale estimates of primary production in the Arctic Ocean (AO) assume that phytoplankton production in the water column under sea ice is negligible. However, over the past two decades, an emerging literature showing significant under-ice phytoplankton production on a pan-Arctic scale has challenged our paradigms of Arctic phytoplankton ecology and phenology. This evidence, which builds on previous, but scarce reports, requires the Arctic scientific community to change its perception of traditional AO phenology and urgently revise it. In particular, it is essential to better comprehend, on small and large scales, the changing and variable icescapes, the under-ice light field and biogeochemical cycles during the transition from sea-ice covered to ice-free Arctic waters. Here, we provide a baseline of our current knowledge of under-ice blooms (UIBs), by defining their ecology and their environmental setting, but also their regional peculiarities (in terms of occurrence, magnitude, and assemblages), which is shaped by a complex AO. To this end, a multidisciplinary approach, i.e., combining expeditions and modern autonomous technologies, satellite, and modeling analyses, has been used to provide an overview of this pan-Arctic phenological feature, which will become increasingly important in future marine Arctic biogeochemical cycles.
Rights
Copyright © 2020 Ardyna, Mundy, Mayot, Matthes, Oziel, Horvat, Leu, Assmy, Hill, Matrai, Gale, Melnikov and Arrigo.
Article is open access under terms of the CC BY 4.0 license.
Original Publication Citation
Ardyna, M., Mundy, C., Mayot, N., Matthes, L., Oziel, L., Horvat, C. M., Leu, E., Assmy, P., Hill, V., Matrai, P., Gale, M., Melnikov, I., & Arrigo, K. R. (2020). Under-ice phytoplankton blooms: Shedding light on the "invisible" part of Arctic primary production. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, 1-25, Article 608032. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.608032
Repository Citation
Ardyna, Mathieu; Mundy, C. J.; Mayot, Nicolas; Matthes, Lisa C.; Oziel, Laurent; Horvat, Christopher; Leu, Eva; Assmy, Philipp; Hill, Victoria; Matrai, Patricia A.; Gale, Matthew; Melnikov, Igor A.; and Arrigo, Kevin R., "Under-Ice Phytoplankton Blooms: Shedding Light on the "Invisible" Part of Arctic Primary Production" (2020). OES Faculty Publications. 395.
https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/oeas_fac_pubs/395