Backward-Angle Electroproduction of η′ Mesons Off Protons at W = 2.13 GeV and Q² = 0.46 (GeV/c)²

Authors

• T. Akiyama, Tohoku University
• P. Bydžovský, CAS, Rež/Prague
• T. Gogami, Kyoto University
• K. Itabashi, Osaka University
• S. Nagao, The University of Tokyo
• S. N. Nakamura, The University of Tokyo
• K. Okuyama, Tohoku University
• B. Pandey, Hampton University
• D. Skoupil, CAS, Rež/Prague
• K. N. Suzuki, Kyoto University
• L. Tang, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
• D. Abrams, University of Virginia
• D. Androic, University of Zagreb
• K. Aniol, California State University, Los Angeles
• C. Ayerbe Gayoso, The College of William and Mary
• J. Bane, University of Tennessee
• S. Barcus, The College of William and Mary
• J. Barrow, University of Tennessee
• V. Bellini, Sezione di Roma
• H. Bhatt, Mississippi State University
• D. Bhetuwal, Mississippi State University
• D. Biswas, Hampton University
• A. Camsonne, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
• J. Castellanos, Florida International University
• J. -P. Chen, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
• J. Chen, The College of William and Mary
• S. Covrig, Osaka University
• D. Chrisman, Michigan State University
• R. Cruz-Torres, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• R. Das, State University of New York, Stony Brook
• E. Fuchey, University of Connecticut - Storrs
• K. Gnanvo, University of Virginia
• F. Garibaldi, Instituto Superiore di Sanitá
• T. Gautam, Hampton University
• J. Gomez, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
• P. Gueye, Hampton University
• T. J. Hague, Kent State University - Kent Campus
• O Hansen, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
• W. Henry, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
• F. Hauenstein, Old Dominion University
• D. W. Higinbotham, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
• C. E. Hyde, Old Dominion UniversityFollow
• M. Kaneta, Tohoku University
• C. Keppel, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
• T. Kutz, State University of New York, Stony Brook
• N. Lashley-Colthirst, Hampton University
• S. Li, University of New Hampshire, Durham
• H. Liu, Columbia University
• J. Mammei, Columbia University
• P. Markowitz, Florida International University
• R. E. McClellan, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
• F. Meddi, Sapienza University of Rome
• D. Meekins, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
• R. Michaels, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
• M. Mihovilovič, University of Ljubljana
• A. Moyer, Christopher Newport University
• D. Nguyen, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
• M. Nycz, Kent State University - Kent Campus
• V. Owen, The College of William and Mary
• C. Palatchi, Indiana University
• S. Park, State University of New York, Stony Brook
• T. Petkovic, University of Zagreb
• S. Premathilake, University of Virginia
• P. E. Reimer, Argonne National Laboratory
• J. Reinhold, Florida International University
• S. Riordan, Argonne National Laboratory
• V. Rodriguez, Universidad Ana G. Méndez
• C. Samanta, Virginia Military Institute
• S. N. Santiesteban, University of New Hampshire, Durham
• B. Sawatzky, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
• S. Širca, University of Ljubljana
• K. Slifer, University of New Hampshire, Durham
• T. Su, Kent State University
• Y. Tian, Syracuse University
• Y. Toyama, Chubu University
• D. Trnková, CAS, Rež/Prague
• K. Uehara, Tohoku University
• G. M. Urciuoli, INFN, Sezione di Roma
• D. Votaw, Michigan State University
• J. Williamson, University of Glasgow
• B. Wojtsekhowski, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
• S. A. Wood, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
• B. Yale, University of New Hampshire, Durham
• Z. Ye, Argonne National Laboratory
• J. Zhang, University of Virginia
• X. Zheng, University of Virginia

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2026

DOI

10.1093/ptep/ptag049

Publication Title

Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics

Volume

Advance online publication

Pages

ptag049

Abstract

The electroproduction of η′ mesons from a ¹H target at W = 2.13GeV, Q² = 0.46(GeV/c)² and cos θ^CM_𝛾*η ≈ -1 has been experimentally measured. The differential cross section of virtual-photoproduction has been obtained as 4.4 ± 0.8(stat.) ± 0.4(sys.)nb/sr in the One-Photon-Exchange Approximation. This value is one-sixth of that of real-photoproduction at backward angles. A comparison with newly-developed isobar model calculations not only shows validity of the theoretical framewark employed, but also imposes new constraints on coupling strength between the η′p final state and nucleon resonances.

Rights

© The Authors 2026

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License, which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited

Original Publication Citation

Akiyama, T., Bydžovský, P., Gogami, T., Itabashi, K., Nagao, S., Nakamura, S. N., Okuyama, K., Pandey, B., Skoupil, D., Suzuki, K. N., Tang, L., Abrams, D., Androic, D., Aniol, K., Gayoso, C. A., Bane, J., Barcus, S., Barrow, J., Bellini, V.,…Zheng, X. (2026). Backward-angle electroproduction of η′ mesons off protons at W = 2.13 GeV and Q² = 0.46 (GeV/c)². Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptep/ptag049 

ORCID

0000-0002-1265-2212 (Hauenstein), 0000-0001-7282-8120 (Hyde)

Repository Citation

Akiyama, T.; Bydžovský, P.; Gogami, T.; Itabashi, K.; Nagao, S.; Nakamura, S. N.; Okuyama, K.; Pandey, B.; Skoupil, D.; Suzuki, K. N.; Tang, L.; Abrams, D.; Androic, D.; Aniol, K.; Ayerbe Gayoso, C.; Bane, J.; Barcus, S.; Barrow, J.; Bellini, V.; Bhatt, H.; Bhetuwal, D.; Biswas, D.; Camsonne, A.; Castellanos, J.; Chen, J. -P.; Chen, J.; Covrig, S.; Chrisman, D.; Cruz-Torres, R.; Das, R.; Fuchey, E.; Gnanvo, K.; Garibaldi, F.; Gautam, T.; Gomez, J.; Gueye, P.; Hague, T. J.; Hansen, O; Henry, W.; Hauenstein, F.; Higinbotham, D. W.; Hyde, C. E.; Kaneta, M.; Keppel, C.; Kutz, T.; Lashley-Colthirst, N.; Li, S.; Liu, H.; Mammei, J.; Markowitz, P.; McClellan, R. E.; Meddi, F.; Meekins, D.; Michaels, R.; Mihovilovič, M.; Moyer, A.; Nguyen, D.; Nycz, M.; Owen, V.; Palatchi, C.; Park, S.; Petkovic, T.; Premathilake, S.; Reimer, P. E.; Reinhold, J.; Riordan, S.; Rodriguez, V.; Samanta, C.; Santiesteban, S. N.; Sawatzky, B.; Širca, S.; Slifer, K.; Su, T.; Tian, Y.; Toyama, Y.; Trnková, D.; Uehara, K.; Urciuoli, G. M.; Votaw, D.; Williamson, J.; Wojtsekhowski, B.; Wood, S. A.; Yale, B.; Ye, Z.; Zhang, J.; and Zheng, X., "Backward-Angle Electroproduction of η′ Mesons Off Protons at W = 2.13 GeV and Q² = 0.46 (GeV/c)²" (2026). Physics Faculty Publications. 1039.
https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/physics_fac_pubs/1039