Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2026

DOI

10.1103/xh6f-6fhy

Publication Title

Physical Review C

Volume

113

Issue

3

Pages

035205

Abstract

Measurements of semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering multiplicities for 𝜋⁺ and 𝜋⁻ from proton and deuteron targets are reported on a grid of hadron kinematic variables 𝑧, 𝑃𝑇, and 𝜙* for leptonic kinematic variables in the range 0.3< 𝑥< 0.6 and 3< 𝑄²< 5GeV². Data were acquired in 2018 and 2019 at Jefferson Lab Hall C with a 10.6 GeV electron beam impinging on 10-cm-long liquid hydrogen and deuterium targets. Scattered electrons and charged pions were detected in the High Momentum Spectrometer and Super High Momentum Spectrometer, respectively. The multiplicities were fitted for each bin in (𝑥,𝑄²,𝑧,𝑃𝑡) to extract the 𝜙*—independent 𝑀₀ and the azimuthal modulations ⟨cos⁡(𝜙*)⟩ and ⟨cos⁡(2⁢𝜙*)⟩. The 𝑃𝑡 dependence of the 𝑀₀ results was found to be remarkably consistent for the four cases studied: 𝑒⁢𝑝→𝑒⁢𝜋+⁢𝑋, 𝑒⁢𝑝→𝑒⁢𝜋−⁢𝑋, 𝑒⁢𝑑→𝑒⁢𝜋+⁢𝑋, 𝑒⁢𝑑→𝑒⁢𝜋−⁢𝑋 over the range 0GeV< 𝑃𝑡< 0.4GeV, as were the multiplicities evaluated near 𝜙*=180∘ over the extended range 0GeV< 𝑃𝑡< 0.7GeV. The Gaussian widths of the 𝑃𝑡 dependence exhibit a quadratic increase with 𝑧. The cos⁡(𝜙*) modulations were found to be consistent with zero for 𝜋⁺, in agreement with previous world data, while the 𝜋− moments were, in many cases, significantly greater than zero. The cos⁡(2⁢𝜙*) modulations were found to be consistent with zero. The higher statistical precision of this dataset of about 20 000 individual multiplicity values, compared with previously published data, should allow improved determinations of quark transverse momentum distributions and higher twist contributions.

Rights

© 2026 The Authors.

Published by the American Physical Society Under the Terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the authors and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP³.

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Data Availability

Article states: "The data that support the findings of this article are openly available [42]."

Original Publication Citation

Bosted, P., Bhatt, H., Jia, S., Armstrong, W., Dutta, D., Ent, R., Gaskell, D., Kinney, E., Mktchyan, H., Ali, S., Ambrose, R., Androic, D., Gayoso, C. A., Bandari, A., Berdnikov, V., Bhetuwal, D, Biswas, D., Boer, M., Brash, E.,...Zheng, X. (2026). Flavor, transverse momentum, and azimuthal dependence on charged pion multiplicities in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering with 10.6 GeV electrons. Physical Review C, 113(3), Article 035205. https://doi.org/10.1103/xh6f-6fhy

ORCID

0000-0002-1265-2212 (Hauenstein)

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