Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2024

DOI

10.1103/PhysRevD.110.056012

Publication Title

Physical Review D

Volume

110

Issue

5

Pages

056012 (1-20)

Abstract

The homogeneous Bethe-Salpeter equation (hBSE), describing a bound system in a genuinely relativistic quantum-field theory framework, was solved for the first time by using a D-Wave quantum annealer. After applying standard techniques of discretization, the hBSE, in ladder approximation, can be formally transformed in a generalized eigenvalue problem (GEVP), with two square matrices: one symmetric and the other nonsymmetric. The latter matrix poses the challenge of obtaining a suitable formal approach for investigating the nonsymmetric GEVP by means of a quantum annealer, i.e., to recast it as a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization problem. A broad numerical analysis of the proposed algorithms, applied to matrices of dimension up to 64, was carried out by using both the PROPRIETARY simulated-annealing package and the D-Wave Advantage 4.1 system. The numerical results very nicely compare with those obtained with standard classical algorithms, and also show interesting scalability features.

Rights

© 2024 The Authors.

Published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License.

Original Publication Citation

Fornetti, F., Gnech, A., Frederico, T., Pederiva, F., Rinaldi, M., Roggero, A., Salmè, G., Scopetta, S., & Viviani, M. (2024). Solving the homogeneous Bethe-Salpeter equation with a quantum annealer. Physical Review D, 110(5), 1-20, Article 056012. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.110.056012

ORCID

0000-0002-2077-3866 (Gnech)

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