Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2025

DOI

10.3390/particles8030065

Publication Title

Particles

Volume

8

Issue

3

Pages

65 (1-13)

Abstract

We examine the claimed observations of a gravitational external field effect (EFE) reported by Chae et al. We show that observations suggestive of the EFE can be interpreted without violating Einstein’s equivalence principle, namely from known correlations between the morphology, the environment, and dynamics of galaxies. While Chae et al.’s analysis provides a valuable attempt at a clear test of modified Newtonian dynamics, an evidently important topic, a re-analysis of the observational data does not permit us to confidently assess the presence of an EFE or to distinguish this interpretation from that proposed in this article.

Rights

© 2025 by the authors.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License.

Data Availability

Article states: "All data used in this paper were collected from open sources and the references are provided."

Comments

This publication is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Corey Sargent, who tragically passed away on 11 June 2022, at the age of 25, and to his parents, Tracy Sargent and Gerard Carelli. At the time of his passing, Corey was developing the model at the heart of this article. To his fellow students W. C. and E. R., he was a friend and a mentor.

Original Publication Citation

Sargent, C., Clark, W., Seifert, A., Mand, A., Rogers, E., Lane, A., Deur, A., & Terzić, B. (2025). On the evidence for the violation of the equivalence principle in disk galaxies. Particles, 8(3), 1-13, Article 65. https://doi.org/10.3390/particles8030065

ORCID

0000-0003-3217-9984 (Sargent), 0009-0006-8571-3465 (Clark), 0009-0005-9697-1702 (Mand), 0009-0001-1069-630X (Rogers), 0000-0002-2203-7723 (Deur), 0000-0002-9646-8155 (Terzic)

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