Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2024

DOI

10.1038/s41598-024-74244-4

Publication Title

Scientific Reports

Volume

14

Issue

1

Pages

23405 (1-7)

Abstract

Real-world work environments require operators to perform multiple tasks with continual support from an automated system. Eye movement is often used as a surrogate measure of operator attention, yet conventional summary measures such as percent dwell time do not capture dynamic transitions of attention in complex visual workspace. This study analyzed eye movement data collected in a controlled a MATB-II task environment using gaze transition entropy analysis. In the study, human subjects performed a compensatory tracking task, a system monitoring task, and a communication task concurrently. The results indicate that both gaze transition entropy and stationary gaze entropy, measures of randomness in eye movements, decrease when the compensatory tracking task required more continuous monitoring. The findings imply that gaze transition entropy reflects attention allocation of operators performing dynamic operational tasks consistently.

Rights

© 2024 The Authors.

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

Data Availability

Article states: "The datasets used and/or analysed during the current study available from the corresponding author on reasonable request."

Original Publication Citation

Cui, Z., Sato, T., Jackson, A., Jayarathna, S., Itoh, M., & Yamani, Y. (2024). Gaze transition entropy as a measure of attention allocation in a dynamic workspace involving automation. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 1-7, Article 23405. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74244-4

ORCID

0009-0008-0571-8253 (Sato), 0000-0002-4879-7309 (Jayarathna), 0000-0001-8990-0010 (Yamani)

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