Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2026

DOI

10.1038/s41598-026-41338-0

Publication Title

Scientific Reports

Volume

16

Pages

11122

Abstract

Safe flight operation requires visual scanning across multiple displays in a cockpit, which collectively represent the state of the aircraft and supporting automation. Trust is a crucial factor that drives human-automation interaction, and recent work has suggested a relationship between an operator's visual attention and automation trust. One index that captures predictability of eye movements between different areas of interest is gaze transition entropy. The current work reanalyzed data from Sato et al., which examined eye movement patterns and trust in automation associated with the system monitoring task of the Multi-Attribute Task Battery. Results showed credible positive correlations between the entropy measures and performance-based trust, but not for process- nor purpose-based trust. Specifically, higher levels of performance-based trust were associated with more random eye movement. Gaze transition entropy may provide a new window into the relationship between visual attentional resource allocation and automation trust in a multitasking workspace.

Rights

© The Authors 2026

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this license to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

Data Availability

Article states: "Data will be available upon request to the corresponding author: Yusuke Yamani (yyamani@odu.edu)."

Original Publication Citation

Yamani, Y., Jackson, A., Sato, T., Ashimi, F., Politowicz, M. S., Chancey, E. T., & Itoh, M. (2026). Gaze transition entropy and automation trust in a multitasking workspace. Scientific Reports, 16, Article 11122. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-41338-0

ORCID

0000-0001-8990-0010 (Yamani), 0009-0004-8216-5972 (Politowicz)

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