Document Type
Article
Publication Date
2021
Publication Title
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Volume
22
Issue
16
Pages
8833 (1-15)
DOI
10.3390/ijms22168833
Abstract
Exposure to hydrochloric acid (HCl) represents a threat to public health. Children may inhale higher doses and develop greater injury because of their smaller airways and faster respiratory rate. We have developed a mouse model of pediatric exposure to HCl by intratracheally instilling p24 mice (mice 24 days old; 8–10 g) with 2 µL/g 0.1 N HCl, and compared the profile of lung injury to that in HCl-instilled adults (10 weeks old; 25–30 g) and their age-matched saline controls. After 30 days, alveolar inflammation was observed with increased proteinosis and mononuclear cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in both HCl-instilled groups. Young p24 animals—but not adults—exhibited higher NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome levels. Increased amounts of Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) mRNA and its intracellular canonical and non-canonical pathways (p-Smad2 and p-ERK) were found in the lungs of both young and adult HCl-instilled mice. Constitutive age-related differences were observed in the levels of heat shock protein family (HSP70 and HSP90). HCl equally provoked the deposition of collagen and fibronectin; however, significant age-dependent differences were observed in the increase in elastin and tenascin C mRNA. HCl induced pulmonary fibrosis with an increased Ashcroft score, which was higher in adults, and a reduction in alveolar Mean Alveolar Linear Intercept (MALI). Young mice developed increased Newtonian resistance (Rn) and lower PV loops, while adults showed a higher respiratory system resistance and elastance. This data indicate that young p24 mice can suffer long-term complications from a single exposure to HCl, and can develop chronic lung injury characterized by a stronger persistent inflammation and lesser fibrotic pattern, mostly in the airways, differently from adults. Further data are required to characterize HCl time- and dose-dependent injury in young animals and to identify new key-molecular targets.
Original Publication Citation
Colunga Biancatelli, R. M. L., Solopov, P., Dimitropoulou, C., & Catravas, J. D. (2021). Age-dependent chronic lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis following single exposure to hydrochloric acid. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(16), 1-15, Article 8833. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168833
Repository Citation
Colunga Biancatelli, Ruben M.L.; Solopov, Pavel; Dimitropoulou, Christiana; and Catravas, John D., "Age-Dependent Chronic Lung Injury and Pulmonary Fibrosis Following Single Exposure to Hydrochloric Acid" (2021). Bioelectrics Publications. 312.
https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/bioelectrics_pubs/312
ORCID
0000-0002-1174-3876 (Colunga Biancatelli), 0000-0002-1705-027X (Solopov), 0000-0002-5098-295X (Catravas)
Included in
Bioelectrical and Neuroengineering Commons, Community Health and Preventive Medicine Commons, Pulmonology Commons, Respiratory System Commons
Comments
© 2021 by the authors
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.