Document Type
Article
Publication Date
2022
DOI
10.1029/2022JA030896
Publication Title
Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
Volume
127
Issue
10
Pages
e2022JA030896 (1-33)
Abstract
We have developed an empirical model of nitric oxide (NO) number density at altitudes from ∼73 km to the exobase, as a function of altitude, latitude, day of year, solar zenith angle, solar activity, and geomagnetic activity. The model is part of the NRLMSIS® 2.1 empirical model of atmospheric temperature and species densities; this upgrade to NRLMSIS 2.0 consists solely of the addition of NO. MSIS 2.1 assimilates observations from six space-based instruments: UARS/HALOE, SNOE, Envisat/MIPAS, ACE/FTS, Odin/SMR, and AIM/SOFIE. We additionally evaluated the new model against independent extant NO data sets. In this paper, we describe the formulation and fitting of the model, examine biases between the data sets and model and among the data sets, compare with another empirical NO model (NOEM), and discuss scientific aspects of our analysis.
Rights
© 2022 The Authors. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
Data Availability
Article states: NRLMSIS 2.1 code and all data samples used in this work are available at https://map.nrl.navy.mil/map/pub/nrl/NRLMSIS/NRLMSIS2.1/. The full data sets from which the samples were drawn are available at the following archives: MIPAS (https://www.imk-asf.kit.edu/english/308.php), ACE (http://www.ace.uwaterloo.ca/data.php), SOPHIE (http://data.gats-inc.com/sofie/v1.3/mission_files/), SNOE (https://map.nrl.navy.mil/map/pub/nrl/NRLM-SIS/NRLMSIS2.1/data/), SMR (https://odin.rss.chalmers.se/dataaccess), HALOE (http://haloe.gats-inc.com/download/index.php) and SCIAMACHY (https://zenodo.org/record/581253).
Original Publication Citation
Emmert, J. T., Jones, M., Siskind, D. E., Drob, D. P., Picone, J. M., Stevens, M. H., Bailey, S. M., Bender, S., Bernath, P. F., Funke, B., Hervig, M. E., & Perot, K. (2022). NRLMSIS 2.1: An empirical model of nitric oxide incorporated into MSIS. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 127(10), 1-33, Article e2022JA030896. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JA030896
ORCID
0000-0002-1255-396X (Bernath)
Repository Citation
Emmert, J. T.; Jones, M. Jr.; Siskind, D. E.; Drob, D. P.; Picone, J. M.; Stevens, M. H.; Bailey, S. M.; Bender, S.; Bernath, P. F.; Funke, B.; Hervig, M. E.; and Pérot, K., "NRLMSIS 2.1: An Empirical Model of Nitric Oxide Incorporated Into MSIS" (2022). Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications. 231.
https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/chemistry_fac_pubs/231