Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2022

DOI

10.1029/2022JA030896

Publication Title

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

Volume

127

Issue

10

Pages

e2022JA030896 (1-33)

Abstract

We have developed an empirical model of nitric oxide (NO) number density at altitudes from ∼73 km to the exobase, as a function of altitude, latitude, day of year, solar zenith angle, solar activity, and geomagnetic activity. The model is part of the NRLMSIS® 2.1 empirical model of atmospheric temperature and species densities; this upgrade to NRLMSIS 2.0 consists solely of the addition of NO. MSIS 2.1 assimilates observations from six space-based instruments: UARS/HALOE, SNOE, Envisat/MIPAS, ACE/FTS, Odin/SMR, and AIM/SOFIE. We additionally evaluated the new model against independent extant NO data sets. In this paper, we describe the formulation and fitting of the model, examine biases between the data sets and model and among the data sets, compare with another empirical NO model (NOEM), and discuss scientific aspects of our analysis.

Rights

© 2022 The Authors. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

Data Availability

Article states: NRLMSIS 2.1 code and all data samples used in this work are available at https://map.nrl.navy.mil/map/pub/nrl/NRLMSIS/NRLMSIS2.1/. The full data sets from which the samples were drawn are available at the following archives: MIPAS (https://www.imk-asf.kit.edu/english/308.php), ACE (http://www.ace.uwaterloo.ca/data.php), SOPHIE (http://data.gats-inc.com/sofie/v1.3/mission_files/), SNOE (https://map.nrl.navy.mil/map/pub/nrl/NRLM-SIS/NRLMSIS2.1/data/), SMR (https://odin.rss.chalmers.se/dataaccess), HALOE (http://haloe.gats-inc.com/download/index.php) and SCIAMACHY (https://zenodo.org/record/581253).

Original Publication Citation

Emmert, J. T., Jones, M., Siskind, D. E., Drob, D. P., Picone, J. M., Stevens, M. H., Bailey, S. M., Bender, S., Bernath, P. F., Funke, B., Hervig, M. E., & Perot, K. (2022). NRLMSIS 2.1: An empirical model of nitric oxide incorporated into MSIS. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 127(10), 1-33, Article e2022JA030896. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JA030896

ORCID

0000-0002-1255-396X (Bernath)

Share

COinS