Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2024

DOI

10.1007/s10533-024-01147-x

Publication Title

Biogeochemistry

Volume

167

Issue

6

Pages

849-870

Abstract

Lake George (LG) is a temperate, oligotrophic, medium-sized lake (114 km2) located in northeastern New York State (U.S.). Lakes are highly understudied environments where extensive dissolved organic matter (DOM) processing occurs. With this study we establish the foundation for researching the organic biogeochemistry of the LG watershed, in particular, the numerous tributaries flowing into the lake. Collected were 213 samples from 64 tributaries and 12 lake locations. Some of the tributaries had unique wastewater, agricultural, or wetland influences. We employed fluorescence spectroscopy, a common biogeochemical technique, to characterize the fluorescent DOM (FDOM) component. We developed a parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) model for the deconvolution of FDOM data allowing to depict six underlying FDOM constituents, which varied in source and biogeochemical reactivity on spatiotemporal scales. Tributary DOM, in comparison to lake DOM, was much more aromatic, of larger molecular weight, more humic, and contained less protein-like material. The distribution of humic and protein-like PARAFAC components was impacted by land-use and wastewater influences. Supporting characterization of the chromophoric DOM (CDOM) and total DOM (on dissolved organic carbon basis) allowed differentiating the influence of wetlands, which could not be depicted by spatiotemporally assessing the variability of PARAFAC components. Temporal assessment revealed minor variabilities in tributary DOM quantity and quality except in cases of point sources such as wastewater treatment facilities. Overall, this primer study establishes baseline understanding of the baseflow levels of DOM constituents in the LG watershed, and more broadly, presents a PARAFAC model for the deconvolution of fluorescence spectra of DOM from temperate and oligotrophic lake watersheds such as LG.

Rights

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original authors and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.

Data Availability

Article states: "PARAFAC models were published in the OpenFluor repository. The final model is named Goranov_LakeGeorge and published under model ID 11658. The second preliminary model (see supporting information, Sect. 1.1) is named Goranov_LakeGeorge_Prelim and is published under model ID 11640. PARAFAC model results (loadings, scores) and ancillary data (DOM, CDOM, and StreamStats metrics) are provided in the supplementary Excel file. All data (raw spectra, processed spectra, etc.) and used MATLAB codes, including the PARAFAC model, have been published in the Mendeley Data repository (https://doi.org/10.17632/yv9f3z3xb6.2).

Original Publication Citation

Goranov, A. I., Swinton, M. W., Winkler, D. A., Farrell, J. L., Nierzwicki-Bauer, S. A., & Wagner, S. (2024). Assessing the spatiotemporal variability of dissolved organic matter fluorescence composition in the Lake George, NY watershed. Biogeochemistry, 167(6), 849-870. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-024-01147-x

ORCID

0000-0002-5103-0838 (Goranov)

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