Simulation of Energetic Particle Precipitation Effects During the 2003-2004 Arctic Winter

Authors

C. E. Randall
V. L. Harvey
L. A. Holt
D. R. Marsh
D. Kinnison
B. Funke
P. F. Bernath, Old Dominion UniversityFollow

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

6-2015

DOI

10.1002/2015JA021196

Publication Title

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

Volume

120

Issue

6

Pages

5035-5048

Abstract

Energetic particle precipitation (EPP) during the 2003-2004 Arctic winter led to the production and subsequent transport of reactive odd nitrogen (NO_x=NO+NO₂) from the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) into the stratosphere. This caused NO_x enhancements in the polar upper stratosphere in April 2004 that were unprecedented in the satellite record. Simulations of the 2003-2004 Arctic winter with the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model using Specified Dynamics (SD-WACCM) are compared to satellite measurements to assess our understanding of the observed NO_x enhancements. The comparisons show that SD-WACCM clearly displays the descent of NO_x produced by EPP but underestimates the enhancements by at least a factor of four. Comparisons with NO measurements in January and February indicate that SD-WACCM most likely underestimates EPP-induced NO production locally in the mesosphere because it does not include precipitation of high energy electrons. Comparisons with temperature measurements suggest that SD-WACCM does not properly simulate recovery from a sudden stratospheric warming in early January, resulting in insufficient transport from the MLT into the stratosphere. Both of these factors probably contribute to the inability of SD-WACCM to simulate the stratospheric NO_x enhancements, although their relative importance is unclear. The work highlights the importance of considering the full spectrum of precipitating electrons in order to fully understand the impact of EPP on the atmosphere. It also suggests a need for high-quality meteorological data and measurements of NO_x throughout the polar winter MLT. ©2015. American Geophysical Union.

Original Publication Citation

Randall, C. E., Harvey, V. L., Holt, L. A., Marsh, D. R., Kinnison, D., Funke, B., & Bernath, P. F. (2015). Simulation of energetic particle precipitation effects during the 2003-2004 Arctic winter. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 120(6), 5035-5048. doi:10.1002/2015JA021196

ORCID

0000-0002-1255-396X (Bernath)

Repository Citation

Randall, C. E.; Harvey, V. L.; Holt, L. A.; Marsh, D. R.; Kinnison, D.; Funke, B.; and Bernath, P. F., "Simulation of Energetic Particle Precipitation Effects During the 2003-2004 Arctic Winter" (2015). Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications. 67.
https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/chemistry_fac_pubs/67