Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2025

DOI

10.1002/jmcd.12326

Publication Title

Journal of Multicultural Counseling & Development

Volume

53

Issue

3

Pages

143-151

Abstract

Black Americans with disabilities experience a range of inequities including barriers to access, social stigmatization, and health outcomes that are greater than both their White and their nondisabled peers. This conceptual article explains in detail these inequities. The authors provide an overview of the existing models of disability used in counseling, healthcare, research, and educational settings, as well as a rationale for why they are limited. The authors then suggest a 4E cognitive framework rooted in cognitive sciences, philosophy of mind, and neuroscience. The authors explain why a 4E cognitive framework may be better suited than existing models to conceptualize the experiences of Black Americans with disabilities. Finally, the authors provide implications of the usage of this model for counseling, counseling research, and counseling education.

Rights

© 2025 The Authors.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

ORCID

0009-0001-0460-5424 (Albright), 0009-0001-0554-5953 (Bumpas), 0000-0002-5586-3415 (Moe)

Original Publication Citation

Albright, A., Bumpas, C. K., & Moe, J. (2025). The application of 4E cognition to counseling and the intersectional experiences of Black individuals with disabilities. Journal of Multicultural Counseling & Development, 53(3), 143-151. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmcd.12326

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