Document Type

Article

Publication Date

8-2018

DOI

10.3389/fnins.2018.00591

Publication Title

Frontiers in Neuroscience

Volume

12

Pages

591 (11 pages)

Abstract

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) imbalance manifesting as cardiac autonomic neuropathy in the diabetic population is an important predictor of cardiovascular events. Symptoms and signs of ANS dysfunction, such as resting heart rate elevations, diminished blood pressure responses to standing, and altered time and frequency domain measures of heart rate variability in response to deep breathing, standing, and the Valsalva maneuver, should be elicited from all patients with diabetes and prediabetes. With the recognition of the presence of ANS imbalance or for its prevention, a rigorous regime should be implemented with lifestyle modification, physical activity, and cautious use of medications that lower blood glucose. Rather than intensifying diabetes control, a regimen tailored to the individual risk of autonomic imbalance should be implemented. New agents that may improve autonomic function, such as SGLT2 inhibitors, should be considered and the use of incretins monitored. One of the central mechanisms of dysfunction is disturbance of the hypothalamic cardiac clock, a consequence of dopamine deficiency that leads to sympathetic dominance, insulin resistance, and features of the metabolic syndrome. An improvement in ANS balance may be critical to reducing cardiovascular events, cardiac failure, and early mortality in the diabetic population.

Comments

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

Copyright © 2018 Vinik, Casellini, Parson, Colberg and Nevoret.

Original Publication Citation

Vinik, A. I., Casellini, C., Parson, H. K., Colberg, S. R., & Nevoret, M. L. (2018). Cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetes: A predictor of cardiometabolic events. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 12. doi:10.3389/fnins.2018.00591

ORCID

0000-0001-7574-2533 (Colberg)

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