Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2025

DOI

10.3390/s25185700

Publication Title

Sensors

Volume

25

Issue

18

Pages

5700

Abstract

This paper, the second of two parts, presents an analytical model of motion artifacts (MA) in measured pulse signals by a tactile sensor, which contains a deformable microstructure sitting on a substrate. While the tissue-contact-sensor (TCS) stack and the sensor are both treated as a 1DOF (degree-of-freedom) system, tissue–sensor contact joins their mass together to form a 1DOF system with springs and dampers on both sides. MA on the sensor substrate causes baseline drift and time-varying system parameters (TVSP) of the TCS stack simultaneously. An analytical model is developed to mathematically relate baseline drift and TVSP to a measured pulse signal. The numerical calculation is conducted in MATLAB. Baseline drift in a measured pulse signal is much lower than the actual MA in its measurement. As compared to baseline drift, TVSP generates relatively abrupt, small distortion (e.g., 0.2% variation in heart rate and < 5% change in pulse amplitude), but it rides on each harmonic of the true pulse signal. Sensor design alters both the deviation of the amplitude and waveform of a measured pulse signal from the true pulse signal and the influence of MA on it.

Rights

© 2025 The Authors.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license.

Data Availability

Article states: "The data that support the findings of this study are available upon reasonable request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions."

Original Publication Citation

Rahman, M. M., Toraskar, S., Hasan, M., & Hao, Z. (2025). An analytical model of motion artifacts in a measured arterial pulse signal—Part II: Tactile sensors. Sensors, 25(18), Article 5700. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25185700

ORCID

0000-0001-8405-2227 (Rahman), 0009-0008-2229-1183 (Toraskar), 0009-0006-7544-5938 (Hasan), 0000-0003-2024-1947 (Hao)

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