Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2009

DOI

10.1155/2009/940462

Publication Title

Journal of Nanomaterials

Volume

2009

Issue

940462

Pages

1-8

Abstract

The effect of Hoffmeister anions Cl(-), SO(4) (2-), and ClO(4) (-) on the structure and morphology of birnessite and cryptomelane-type manganese dioxide nanostructures, produced by the reduction reaction of KMnO(4) and MnSO(4) in aqueous acidic media, was studied. The syntheses were based on the decomposition of aqueous KMnO(4) in presence of HCl for birnessite-type and acidified MnSO4 for cryptomelane-type manganese dioxide under soft hydrothermal conditions. They were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) techniques. XRD patterns show the formation of birnessite for the first synthesis and a mixture of cryptomelane and birnessite-types MnO(2) for the second synthesis. XRD data revealed that the Hoffmeister anions have a significant effect on the nanostructures of birnessite. The sulphate ion-treated birnessite has the smallest crystals, whereas the chloride ion-treated birnessite has the largest crystals. Their TEM and HRTEM studies revealed a transformation from nanoplatelet morphology for chloride-treated samples to nanofibrous morphology for sulphate-treated birnessite. For the cryptomelane nanostructures, Hoffmeister anions also show a profound effect on their crystalline structures as determined by XRD analyses revealing a transformation of the cryptomelane phase to birnessite phase of MnO2. This transformation is also supported by TEM and HRTEM studies.

Comments

Copyright © 2009 Marcos A. Cheney et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Original Publication Citation

Cheney, M. A., Jose, R., Banerjee, A., Bhowmik, P. K., Qian, S. Z., & Okoh, J. M. (2009). Synthesis and characterization of birnessite and cryptomelane nanostructures in presence of Hoffmeister anions. Journal of Nanomaterials, 2009(940462), 1-8. doi: 10.1155/2009/940462

ORCID

0000-0002-0179-678X (Qian)

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