Authors

D. Biswas, Hampton University
F. A. Gonzalez, Stony Brook University
W. Henry, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
A. Karki, Mississippi State University
C. Morean, University of Tennessee
A. Nadeeshani, Hampton University
A. Sun, Carnegie Mellon University
Z. Ahmed, University of Regina
S. Alsalmi, Kent State University
W. Armstrong, Temple University
A. Asaturyan, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
C. Ayerbe Gayoso, The College of William & Mary
V. Berdnikov, Catholic University of America
H. Bhatt, Mississippi State University
D. Bhetuwal, Carnegie Mellon University
P. Bosted, The College of William & Mary
E. Brash, Christopher Newport University
M. H. S. Bukhari, Jazan University
J. P. Chen, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
M. Chen, University of Virginia
M. E. Christy, Hampton University
S. Covrig Dusa, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
K. Craycraft, University of Tennessee
S. Danagoulian, North Carolina A&T State University
D. Day, University of Virginia
M. Diefenthaler, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
M. Dlamini, Ohio University
J. Dunne, Mississippi State University
B. Duran, Temple University
D. Dutta, Mississippi State University
R. Ent, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
H. Fenker, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
N. Fomin, University of Tennessee
E. Fuchey, University of Connecticut
D. Gaskell, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
T. N. Gautam, Hampton University
J. O. Hansen, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
F. Hauenstein, Old Dominion University
A. V. Hernandez, Catholic University of America
T. Horn, Catholic University of America
G. M. Huber, University of Regina
M. K. Jones, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
S. Joosten, Argonne National Laboratory
M. L. Kabir, Mississippi State University
C. Keppel, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
A. Khanal, Florida International University
P. M. King, Ohio University
E. Kinney, University of Colorado, Boulder
M. Kohl, Hampton University
M. Lashley-Colthirst, Hampton University
S. Li, University of New Hampshire
W. B. Li, The College of William & Mary
A. H. Liyanage, Hampton University
D. Mack, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
S. Malace, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
P. Markowitz, Florida International University
J. Matter, University of Virginia
D. Meekins, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
R. Michaels, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
A. Mkrtchyan, A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute)
Z. Moore, James Madison University
S. J. Nazeer, Hampton University
S. Nanda, Mississippi State University
G. Niculescu, James Madison University
I. Niculescu, James Madison University
D. Nguyen, University of Virginia
B. Pandey Nuruzzaman, Hampton University
S. Park, Stony Brook University
E. Pooser, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
A. J. R. Puckett, University of Connecticut
M. Rehfuss, Temple University
J. Reinhold, Florida International University
B. Sawatzky, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
G. R. Smith, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
H. Szumila-Vance, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
A. S. Tadepalli, Rutgers University - New Brunswick/Piscataway
V. Tadevosyan, A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute)
R. Trotta, Catholic University of America
S. A. Wood, Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
C. Yero, Florida International University
J. Zhang, Stony Brook University

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2025

DOI

10.1103/1xx8-rxlv

Publication Title

Physical Review Letters

Volume

135

Issue

15

Pages

151902

Abstract

Nucleon structure functions, as measured in lepton-nucleon scattering, have historically provided a critical observable in the study of partonic dynamics within the nucleon. However, at very large parton momenta, it is both experimentally and theoretically challenging to extract parton distributions due to the probable onset of nonperturbative contributions and the unavailability of high-precision data at critical kinematics. Extraction of the neutron structure and the d quark distribution have been further challenging because of the necessity of applying nuclear corrections when utilizing scattering data from a deuteron target to extract the free neutron structure. However, a program of experiments has been carried out recently at the energy-upgraded Jefferson Lab electron accelerator aimed at significantly reducing the nuclear correction uncertainties on the d quark distribution function at large partonic momentum. This allows leveraging the vast body of deuterium data covering a large kinematic range to be utilized for d quark parton distribution function extraction. In this Letter, we present new data from experiment E12-10-002, carried out in Jefferson Lab Experimental Hall C, on the deuteron to proton cross section ratio at large Bjorken x. These results significantly improve the precision of existing data and provide a first look at the expected impact on quark distributions extracted from parton distribution function fits.

Rights

© 2025 The Authors.

Published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the authors and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP3.

Original Publication Citation

Biswas, D., Gonzalez, F. A., Henry, W., Karki, A., Morean, C., Nadeeshani, A., Sun, A., Ahmed, Z., Alsalmi, S., Armstrong, W., Asaturyan, A., Gayoso, C. A., Berdnikov, V., Bhatt, H., Bhetuwal, D., Bosted, P., Brash, E., Bukhari, M. H. S., Chen, J. P.,…Zhang, J. (2025). New measurements of the deuteron-to-proton F₂ structure-function ratio. Physical Review Letters, 135(15), 1-7, Article 151902. https://doi.org/10.1103/1xx8-rxlv

ORCID

0000-0002-1265-2212 (Hauenstein)

deut2prot_cjTable.txt (93 kB)
Supplemental Material 1

f2_deut2hyd_ratio_E1210002.txt (32 kB)
Supplemental Material 2

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