Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2026

DOI

10.1007/JHEP03(2026)125

Publication Title

Journal of High Energy Physics

Volume

2026

Issue

3

Pages

125

Abstract

Hybrid qubit-qumode quantum computing platforms provide a natural setting for simulating interacting bosonic quantum field theories. However, existing continuous-variable gate constructions rely predominantly on polynomial functions of canonical quadratures. In this work, we introduce a complementary universality paradigm based on trigonometric continuous-variable gates, which enable a Fourier-like representation of bosonic operators and are particularly well suited for periodic and non-perturbative interactions. We present an ancilla-based framework for implementing trigonometric gates with arguments given by arbitrary Hermitian functions of qumode quadratures. The protocol yields unitary gates deterministically, and non-unitary gates through probabilistic post-selection. As a concrete application, we develop a hybrid qubit-qumode quantum simulation of the lattice sine-Gordon model. Using these gates, we prepare ground states via quantum imaginary-time evolution, simulate real-time dynamics, compute time-dependent vertex two-point correlation functions, and extract quantum kink profiles under topological boundary conditions. Our results demonstrate that trigonometric continuous-variable gates provide a physically natural framework for simulating interacting field theories on near-term hybrid quantum hardware, while establishing a parallel route to universality beyond polynomial gate constructions. We expect that the trigonometric gates introduced here to find broader applications, including quantum simulations of condensed matter systems, quantum chemistry, and biological models.

Rights

© 2026 The Authors.

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.

Data Availability

Article states: "This article has no associated data or the data will not be deposited."

Original Publication Citation

Rainaldi, T., Ale, V., Grau, M., Kharzeev, D., Rico, E., Ringer, F., Shome, P., & Siopsis, G. (2026). Trigonometric continuous-variable gates and hybrid quantum simulations of the sine-Gordon model. Journal of High Energy Physics, 2026(3), Article 125. https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP03(2026)125

ORCID

0000-0002-2684-6923 (Grau)

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